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Homicide Vs Suicide: A Matter of Passion Management

Received: 2 July 2025     Accepted: 18 August 2025     Published: 9 December 2025
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Abstract

This study, "Homicide vs. Suicide: A Question of Passionate Management among Young Mozambicans," aims to understand homicide vs. suicide in Mozambique. Of all the crimes covered by Mozambican criminal law, homicide is the crime that generates the greatest interest among the population. Thus, it deserves attention, but not only for that reason. Homicide attacks the most precious asset: life. It highlights the factors or causes associated with homicide-suicide in Mozambique, highlighting the provinces of Gaza and Inhambane, as they have the highest incidence of homicides that culminate in suicide. It also examines several related factors in these areas. This study is descriptive, exploratory, and qualitative in nature. The study involved 14 PRM officers of both sexes, who were administered semi-structured interviews. The study's data analysis focused on understanding homicide versus suicide in Mozambique, the causes, factors, and strategies implemented by the PRM to mitigate homicide-suicide. The results also reveal that homicide-suicide stems from two factors: internal factors such as emotional/sentimental factors, obsession, psychosis, behavior, psychological distress, mental health, and psychopathy. External factors include drug use, stressful environments, romantic disappointments, high-stakes gambling, and loss of life expectancy due to family and social problems. These factors deserve close attention in the context of social investigations to combat them. First, as a way to introduce the study, we sought to discuss the classification of criminal offenses. To then analyze the means of evidence admitted in the crime of homicide, mainly explaining the direct and indirect forensic examinations and also discussing the crime of homicide itself.

Published in American Journal of Applied Psychology (Volume 14, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajap.20251405.12
Page(s) 150-158
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Homicide, Suicide, Crime, Mental Health

References
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[2] BAÉRE, F.; ZANELLO, V. (2018). Gender in suicidal behavior: An epidemiological reading of data from the Federal District. Estud. psicol. Natal, v. 23, n. 2, p. 168-178, June 2024. Accessed: February 13, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22491/1678-4669.20180017
[3] BAHIA, C. A. et al. (2017). Self-harm in all life cycles: profile of victims in emergency services in Brazilian capitals. Science and Public Health. v. 22, n. 9, p. 2841-2850, September. Available at:
[4] BARDIN, L. (2016). Content Analysis. Lisbon: Edições 70.
[5] Beck, A. T., Schuyler, D., & Herman, I. (1974). Development of suicidal intent scales. In A. T. Beck, H. L. P. Resnik, & D. J. Lettieri (Eds.). The prediction of suicide. Bowie, MD: Charles Press.
[6] BENINCASA, M; REZENDE, M. M. (2006). Sadness and suicide among adolescents: risk and protective factors. Psychology Bulletin, v. 56, n. 124, p. 93-110.
[7] BITENCOURT, CEZAR ROBERTO. (2012). Treatise on Criminal Law. São Paulo: Saraiva.
[8] BOTEGA, N. J. (2015). Suicide Crisis: Assessment and Management. Porto Alegre: Artmed.
[9] Bryan, C. J. (2022). Rethinking Suicide: Why Prevention Fails, and How We Can Do Better. Oxford University Press.
[10] Campos, R. C. (2017). From the Personality Assessment Process in Clinical Contexts to Psychodynamic Diagnosis: Contributions to a Psychodynamic Psychological Assessment. Ibero-American Journal of Diagnosis and Evaluation – and Psychological Assessment, 44, 4456.
[11] Campos, R. C., & Holden, R. R. (2020). Psychological pain and previous suicide attempts in young adults: Results with the Portuguese version of the Psychache Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 76, 1965-1971.
[12] Capron, D. W., Bauer, B. W., & Bryan, C. G. (2022). When people die by suicide: Presenting unreachable loss thresholds as a potential missing link between suicidal readiness states and actively suicidal clinical states. Suicidal Thinking Behavior and Life. 52, 280-288.
[13] Esgalhado, G., Pereira, H., & Silva, P. (2022). Adaptation of an Emotional Stroop Test for Screening of suicidal ideation in Portugal. Behavioral Sciences., 12(8): 281.
[14] GOMES, C. M. et al. (2020). Common mental disorders in university students: an epidemiological approach to vulnerabilities. Electronic Journal of Mental Health, Alcohol and Drugs, v. 16, n. 1, p. 1-8. March. Available at:. Accessed: February 28, 2024.
[15] Hawton, K., Lascelles, K., Pitman, A., Gilbert, S., Silverman, M. (2022). Assessment of suicide risk in mental health practice: shifting from prediction to therapeutic assessment, formulation, and risk management. Lancet Psychiatry.
[16] LAW NO. 24/2019: Law approving the Criminal Enforcement Code. National Press of Mozambique, E. P.
[17] MARTINS, ANA PAULA BRITO (2013), MATERIALITY IN HOMICIDE CRIMES: A DOCTRINAL AND JURISPRUDENTIAL ANALYSIS OF THE OFFENDER'S CRIMINAL LIABILITY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE BRUNO CASE. CRICIÚMA, UNESC.
[18] Penney, S. R., &. Simpson, A. I. (2022). Suicide risk assessment. Lancet Psychiatry. Correspondence, 938-939.
[19] SANTOS (2020). Suicide prevention around the world: strengthening protective factors, promoting hope. Santos 2020. In Order of Nurses available at: http://www.ordemenfermeiros.pt/comunicacao/Paginas/DiaMundial_Prevencao_Suicidio.aspx
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  • APA Style

    Sitoe, I. S. (2025). Homicide Vs Suicide: A Matter of Passion Management. American Journal of Applied Psychology, 14(5), 150-158. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20251405.12

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    ACS Style

    Sitoe, I. S. Homicide Vs Suicide: A Matter of Passion Management. Am. J. Appl. Psychol. 2025, 14(5), 150-158. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.20251405.12

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    AMA Style

    Sitoe IS. Homicide Vs Suicide: A Matter of Passion Management. Am J Appl Psychol. 2025;14(5):150-158. doi: 10.11648/j.ajap.20251405.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajap.20251405.12,
      author = {Isaías Silvestre Sitoe},
      title = {Homicide Vs Suicide: A Matter of Passion Management},
      journal = {American Journal of Applied Psychology},
      volume = {14},
      number = {5},
      pages = {150-158},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajap.20251405.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20251405.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajap.20251405.12},
      abstract = {This study, "Homicide vs. Suicide: A Question of Passionate Management among Young Mozambicans," aims to understand homicide vs. suicide in Mozambique. Of all the crimes covered by Mozambican criminal law, homicide is the crime that generates the greatest interest among the population. Thus, it deserves attention, but not only for that reason. Homicide attacks the most precious asset: life. It highlights the factors or causes associated with homicide-suicide in Mozambique, highlighting the provinces of Gaza and Inhambane, as they have the highest incidence of homicides that culminate in suicide. It also examines several related factors in these areas. This study is descriptive, exploratory, and qualitative in nature. The study involved 14 PRM officers of both sexes, who were administered semi-structured interviews. The study's data analysis focused on understanding homicide versus suicide in Mozambique, the causes, factors, and strategies implemented by the PRM to mitigate homicide-suicide. The results also reveal that homicide-suicide stems from two factors: internal factors such as emotional/sentimental factors, obsession, psychosis, behavior, psychological distress, mental health, and psychopathy. External factors include drug use, stressful environments, romantic disappointments, high-stakes gambling, and loss of life expectancy due to family and social problems. These factors deserve close attention in the context of social investigations to combat them. First, as a way to introduce the study, we sought to discuss the classification of criminal offenses. To then analyze the means of evidence admitted in the crime of homicide, mainly explaining the direct and indirect forensic examinations and also discussing the crime of homicide itself.},
     year = {2025}
    }
    

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    PY  - 2025
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    AB  - This study, "Homicide vs. Suicide: A Question of Passionate Management among Young Mozambicans," aims to understand homicide vs. suicide in Mozambique. Of all the crimes covered by Mozambican criminal law, homicide is the crime that generates the greatest interest among the population. Thus, it deserves attention, but not only for that reason. Homicide attacks the most precious asset: life. It highlights the factors or causes associated with homicide-suicide in Mozambique, highlighting the provinces of Gaza and Inhambane, as they have the highest incidence of homicides that culminate in suicide. It also examines several related factors in these areas. This study is descriptive, exploratory, and qualitative in nature. The study involved 14 PRM officers of both sexes, who were administered semi-structured interviews. The study's data analysis focused on understanding homicide versus suicide in Mozambique, the causes, factors, and strategies implemented by the PRM to mitigate homicide-suicide. The results also reveal that homicide-suicide stems from two factors: internal factors such as emotional/sentimental factors, obsession, psychosis, behavior, psychological distress, mental health, and psychopathy. External factors include drug use, stressful environments, romantic disappointments, high-stakes gambling, and loss of life expectancy due to family and social problems. These factors deserve close attention in the context of social investigations to combat them. First, as a way to introduce the study, we sought to discuss the classification of criminal offenses. To then analyze the means of evidence admitted in the crime of homicide, mainly explaining the direct and indirect forensic examinations and also discussing the crime of homicide itself.
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